What reasons does Macbeth provide to argue against murdering Duncan?
In Shakespeare’s tragic play “Macbeth,” the protagonist, Macbeth, grapples with the moral and ethical implications of committing regicide. Despite his initial hesitation, Macbeth eventually succumbs to his ambition and kills King Duncan. However, throughout the play, Macbeth provides several reasons to argue against the heinous act of murdering the king. This article will explore these reasons, highlighting Macbeth’s internal struggle and the consequences of his actions.
Firstly, Macbeth’s argument against murdering Duncan is rooted in his loyalty and respect for the king. Initially, Macbeth is a loyal nobleman who holds the king in high regard. He expresses his reverence for Duncan in Act I, Scene II, when he says, “Brave king, that hast no stairs to climb the throne.” This statement indicates Macbeth’s admiration for Duncan’s ascension to the throne through noble means, as opposed to treachery or violence. Macbeth’s loyalty is further demonstrated when he advises Duncan to “take no thought for who thou art, but what thou shouldst be” (Act I, Scene II), suggesting that he believes the king is already a paragon of virtue.
Secondly, Macbeth argues against the murder of Duncan due to his moral and ethical beliefs. As a warrior and nobleman, Macbeth is acutely aware of the moral implications of killing an innocent man. In Act I, Scene VII, he expresses his concern to Lady Macbeth, “What hands are here? Ha! They pluck out the heart of my peace, and for this I will not yield.” This quote illustrates Macbeth’s internal conflict as he struggles with the idea of taking a life, even for a seemingly noble cause. His moral compass is further tested when he encounters Banquo, who warns him of the consequences of his actions, “Beware, Macbeth! Beware the thane of Cawdor, and Banquo!” (Act I, Scene III). Despite Banquo’s warning, Macbeth’s ambition ultimately overpowers his moral reservations.
Thirdly, Macbeth argues against the murder of Duncan due to the potential consequences of his actions. He fears that killing the king will lead to a chain of events that could destroy his own reputation and kingdom. In Act II, Scene II, Macbeth contemplates the aftermath of his crime, “If it were done when ’tis done, then ’twere well it were done quickly.” This quote suggests that Macbeth is concerned about the possibility of being caught and the subsequent fall from grace. Additionally, Macbeth’s fear of the witches’ prophecies plays a significant role in his argument against the murder of Duncan. The witches predict that Macbeth will become the Thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland, but only if he kills Duncan. This prediction creates a moral dilemma for Macbeth, as he is torn between his ambition and the potential consequences of his actions.
In conclusion, Macbeth provides several reasons to argue against the murder of King Duncan. His loyalty, moral and ethical beliefs, and fear of consequences all contribute to his internal struggle. However, as the play progresses, Macbeth’s ambition ultimately triumphs over his better judgment, leading to a tragic downfall. Shakespeare’s portrayal of Macbeth’s moral dilemmas serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked ambition and the consequences of heinous acts.
